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Virtual Schools and K-12 Distance Learning Research References

Books | Studies & Articles | Dissertations

resource bibliography:

Books Available from Amazon.com
Berge, Z. & Clark, T., eds. (2005). Virtual schools: Planning for success. New York: Teachers College Press.

Cavanaugh, C., ed. (2004). Development and management of virtual schools: Issues and trends. Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Maeroff, G. (2003). A classroom of one. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Yates, J. (2003). Interactive distance learning in prek-12 settings. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

Zucker, A. & Kozma, R. (2003). The virtual high school: Teaching generation V. New York: Teachers College Press.

Cavanaugh, C. & Blomeyer, B., eds. (in press). What works in k-12 online learning. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education.  
Cavanaugh, C. (in press). Effectiveness of k-12 online learning. In Handbook of Distance Education, M. Moore, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  

Books | Studies & Articles | Dissertations

 

Studies and Articles:

Albert, J., Apostolakis, E.G., Eisenbarth, P., Kalkanis, G.T, Kuhler, W., Kuhnelt, H., Lewinsky, H.H., Sarris, M., Savas, S., Sotiriou, S.A., Sperka, M. (2000). The e-Hermes project: interactive forms of distance learning in secondary education. Open Praxis, vol. 1, 2000. International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), pp. 24-30.

Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2005). Growing by degrees: Online education in the United States, 2005. Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium.

Allen, M., Bourhis, J., Burrell, N., & Mabry, E. (2002). Comparing student satisfaction with distance education to traditional classrooms in higher education: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Distance Education, 16, 83–97.

Barker, B. O. (1987). An evaluation of interactive satellite television as a delivery system for high school instruction. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association,10th, Dallas, TX, January 29-31, 1987. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 277 534)

Barker, B. O., & Petersen, P.D. (1984). A research report of small high schools in the United States in regards to curricular offerings, micro-computer usage, and correspondence courses. Salt Lake City: Brigham Young University, Division of Continuing Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 239 825)

Barker, K., & Wendel, T. (2001). E-learning: studying Canada's virtual secondary schools. Kelowna, BC: Society for the Advancement of Excellence in Education. http://www.excellenceineducation.ca/pdfs/006.pdf

Barman, C., Stockton, J., Ellsworth, M., Gonzales, C., Huckleberry, T., & Raymond, S. (2002). Evaluation of the soar-high project: A Web-based science program for deaf students. American Annals of the Deaf, 147(3), 5–10.

Barresi, A. L. (1987), Edgar P. Gordon: a pioneer in media music education. Journal of Research in Music Education, 35(4), 259-274.

Berge, Z. L., & Collins, M. P. (Eds.). (1998). Wired together: the online classroom in K-12. Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton Press.

Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Lou, Y., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Wozney, L., Wallet, P. A., Fiset, M., & Huang, B. (2004). How does distance education compare with classroom instruction? A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 379–439.

Bernard, R. M., Lou, Y., Abrami, P.C., Wozney, L., Borokhovski, E., Wallet, P.A., Wade, A., & Fiset, M. (2003, April). How does distance education compare to classroom instruction? A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

Bianchi, W. (2002). The Wisconsin school of the air: Success story with implications. Educational Technology & Society 5 (1).
Bittner, W. S. & Mallory, H. F. (1933). University teaching by mail; a survey of correspondence instruction conducted by American universities. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Blomeyer, B., & Dawson, M. (2005). Virtual schools: Policy and practice considerations. In Z. Berge & T. Clark (Eds.), Virtual schools: Planning for success (pp. 61–76). New York: Teachers College Press.

Blomeyer, R. (2002). Virtual schools and e-learning in K–12 environments: Emerging policy and practice. NCREL Policy Issues, 11. Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. http://www.ncrel.org/policy/pubs/pdfs/pivol11.pdf

Bolton, J. (2002). Web-based distance education: Pedagogy, epistemology, and instructional design. University of Saskatchewan. http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/boulton/boulton.pdf

Bond, A. (2002). Learning music online: An accessible program for isolated students. Kensington Park, SA: Australian National Training Authority. http://www.ncver.edu.au/research/proj/nr1013.pdf

Bosak, S. (2000). Videoconferencing comes of age. American School Board Journal, 187(6), 48-50.

Bramble, W. J. (1988, Winter). Distance learning in Alaska's rural schools. Learning Tomorrow, 4, pp. 241-256. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 302 210)

Bramoh, D. 2000. The effectiveness of distance education delivery methods in continuing education programs in Lesotho. In Research in Distance Education, Evans, T., ed. Geelong, Victoria, Australia: Deakin University. http://www.deakin.edu.au/education/RIPVET/conferences/2000/RIDE/Ch_9_Braimoh.pdf

Calderoni, J. (1998). Telesecundaria: Using TV to bring education to rural Mexico. Education and Technology Technical Notes Series: World Bank Human Development Network. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/HDNet/HDdocs.nsf/C11FBFF6C1B77F9985256686006DC949/
1635F1703FE053B385256754006D8C3F/$FILE/telesecundaria.pdf


Carroll, J., Neale, D., & Isenhour, P. (2004). The collaborative critical incident tool: Supporting reflection and evaluation in a Web community. In C. Cavanaugh (Ed.), Development and management of virtual schools (pp. 216–243). Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.

Cavanaugh, C. (2001). The effectiveness of interactive distance education technologies in K–12 learning: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7(1), 73–78.

Cavanaugh, C., Bosnick, J., Hess, M., Scott, H., & Gillan, K. (2005). Succeeding at the gateway: Secondary algebra learning in the virtual school. Unpublished manuscript.

Cavanaugh, C., Gillan, K., Kromrey, J., Hess, M., & Blomeyer, B. (2004). The Effects of Distance Education on K–12 Student Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates. http://www.ncrel.org/tech/distance/index.html

Cavanaugh, C., Gillan, K., Kromrey, J., Hess, M., & Blomeyer, R. (2004). The effects of distance education on K–12 student outcomes: A meta-analysis. Naperville, IL, Learning Point Associates. Retrieved January 21, 2006, from http://www.ncrel.org/tech/distance/k12distance.pdf

Clark, T. (2001). Virtual schools: Trends and Issues. A report for Distance Learning Resource Network at WestEd. San Francisco, CA. http://www.wested.org/cs/we/view/rs/610

Clark, T. (2002). Virtual and distance education in American schools. In M. G. Moore & W. A. Anderson, Handbook of Distance Education, pp. 673-699. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Clark, T. (2004). STAR Project evaluation report, year 3. Macomb, IL: Western Illinois University/United Star Distance Learning Consortium.

Clark, T., Lewis, E., Oyer, E., & Schreiber, J. (2002). Illinois Virtual High School Evaluation, 2001-2002. Retrieved January 21, 2006, from http://www.ivhs.org/index.learn?action=other#year1evaluation

Conzemius, A; & Sandrock, P. (2003). Developing world language programs in elementary grades. Madison, WI: Wisconsin State Department of Public Instruction. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 480156)

Cope, E. & Suppes, P. (2002). Gifted students' individual differences in distance-learning computer-based calculus and linear algebra. Instructional Science 30: 79–110, 2002.

Davis, N.E. & Niederhauser, D.S. (2007, in press). New roles and responsibilities for distance education in K-12 education. Learning and Leading.

Davis, N., & Roblyer, M. (2005). Preparing teachers for the "schools that technology built": Evaluation of a program to train teachers for virtual schooling. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 37(4), 399–409.

Davis, N.E., Roblyer, M.D., Charania, A., Harms, C., Ferdig, R., Compton, L. & Cho, M.O. (2007, in press). Illustrating the “Virtual” in Virtual Schooling: Challenges and Strategies for Creating Real Tools to Prepare Virtual Teachers. The Internet in Higher Education.

Davis, N.E., & Niederhauser, D.S. (2005). Socio-cultural analysis of two cases of distance learning in secondary education. Education and Information Technologies, 10(3), 249-262.

Del Litke, C. 1998. Virtual Schooling At The Middle Grades: A Case Study. Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 13.2. http://cade.athabascau.ca/vol13.2/litke.html

Dickson, P. (2005). Toward a deeper understanding of student performance in virtual high school courses: Using quantitative analyses and data visualization to inform decision making. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 21–23). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Edelson, P. J., and Pittman, V. V. (2001). E-Learning in the United States: New directions and opportunities for university continuing education. Global E-Journal of Open, Flexible & Distance Education, 1(1), 71-83.

Eisenberg, M. B. (1992). Networking: K-12. ERIC digest. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 354 903)

England, R. (1991). A survey of state-level involvement in distance education at the elementary and secondary levels. Research Monograph Number 3. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University, American Center for the Study of Distance Education.

Espinoza, C., Dove, T., Zucker, A., Kozma, R. 1999. An Evaluation of the Virtual High School After Two Years of Operation. SRI/Virtual High School. http://ctl.sri.com/publications/displayPublication.jsp?ID=262

Eurydice, European Commission. (2004). Key data on information and communication technology in schools in Europe. (2004). Brussels: Author. http://www.eurydice.org/Documents/KDICT/en/FrameSet.htm

Falck, A-K; Husu, J; Kronlund, T., Kynaslahti, H., Salminen, J., & Salonen, M. (1997). Testing virtual classroom in the school context. Distance Education. 18, (2), 213.

Ferdig, R., DiPietro, M., & Papanastasiou, E. (2005). Teaching and learning in collaborative virtual high schools. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 31–33). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Freedman, G., Darrow, R., Watson, J., (2002). California virtual school report: A national survey of virtual education practice and policy with recommendations for the State of California. http://www.edpath.com/images/VHSReport.pdf

Fulton, K. (2002). The brave new world of virtual schooling in the U.S.: challenges and issues. TechKnowLogia, vol.4, issue 2, April-June 2002, pp.7-9.

Goc Karp, G., & Woods, M. (2003). Wellness NutriFit online learning in physical education for high school students. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 2 (2). http://www.ncolr.org/jiol/archives/2003/fall/03/index.html

Gooch, J. (1998). They blazed the trail for distance education. Madison: University of Wisconsin Extension. Retrieved February 28, 2006, from: the Distance Education Clearinghouse Web site: http://bluto.uwex.edu/disted/gooch.htm

Good, D. (2005). Colorado online learning final evaluation report, 2002–2005. http://www.col.k12.co.us/aboutus/evalreports/COLFinalRptYear3.pdf

Good, D. 2003. Colorado Online Learning Year 1 Evaluation Report: 2002 – 2003. The Public Good, Inc. http://www.col.k12.co.us/COLyr1EvalBrief.pdf

Gunawardena, C., Lowe, C., Murrell, W., Zittle, R., Zittle, F., & Boverie, P. (2000). Designing Satellite Instruction for Elementary Students: Importance of the Classroom Teacher. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications 6(2), 107-122. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/6342

Harlow, K. & Baenen. N. 2002. NovaNet 2000-2001: Analysis of Student Outcomes Relative to a Comparison Group. Raleigh, NC: Wake County Schools. http://www.wcpss.net/evaluation-research/reports/2002/0215_novanet.pdf

Harlow, K., & Baenen, N. (2003). Novanet student outcomes. Eye on evaluation, E & R Report No. 02.15. Retrieved January 21, 2006, from http://www.wcpss.net/evaluation-research/reports/2002/0215_novanet.pdf

Harms, C.M., Niederhauser, D.S., Davis, N.E., Roblyer, M.D., & Gilbert, S.B. (2006). Educating educators for virtual schooling: communicating roles and responsibilities. Electronic Journal of Communication.

Haughey, M., & Muirhead, W. (2004). Managing virtual schools: The Canadian experience. In C. Cavanaugh (Ed.), Development and management of virtual schools (pp. 50–67). Hershey, PA: Information Science.

Hezel Associates. (1998). Educational telecommunications and distance learning: the state-by-state analysis,1998-99. Syracuse, NY: Hezel Associates.

Hill, D. (2000). Test case. Education Week, 19(25), 34-38.

Hinnant, E. (1994). Distance learning using digital fiber optics: a study of student achievement and student perception of delivery system quality. Unpublished dissertation, Mississippi State University, Starkeville.

Howley, C. B., & Harmon, H. L. (2000). K-12 unit schooling in rural America: a first description. Rural Educator, 22(1), 10-18.

Hudson, H. E., & Boyd, C. H. (1984). Distance learning: a review for educators. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 246 872)

Hughes, J., McLeod, S., Brown, R., Maeda, Y., & Choi, J. (2005). Staff development and student perception of the learning environment in virtual and traditional secondary schools. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 34–35). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Hurley, R. (2002). Fine-Tuning an Online High School to Benefit At-Risk Students. T.H.E. Journal 30 no4 33-4, 36, 38, 40.

Jordan, A. (2002). An investigation into the effects of online teaching and learning on achievement outcomes at the secondary level. Unpublished dissertation, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC.

Kapitzke, C., & Pendergast, D. (2005). Virtual schooling service: Productive pedagogies or pedagogical possibilities? Teachers College Record, 107(8), 1626–1651.

Kearsley, G. (2000). Online education. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Keegan, D. (1996). Foundations of distance education. London: Routledge.

Kirby, E. (1998). Administrative issues for high school distance education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 1(2). Internet-only journal. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/jmain11.html

Kleiman, G. M. (2005). Meeting the need for high quality teachers: e-learning solutions. White Paper. No Child Left Behind Leadership Summit (Orlando, FL, July 12-13). http://www.nclbtechsummits.org

Kleiman, G., Carey, R., Bonifaz, A., Haistead, E., & O'Dwyer, L. (2005). A study of the effectiveness of the Louisiana Algebra I Online Project. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 36–39). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Kozma, R., Zucker, A., Espinoza, C., McGhee, R., Yarnall, L., Zalles, D., & Lewis, A. (2000). The online course experience: evaluation of the virtual high school's third year of implementation, 1999-2000. Arlington, VA: SRI. http://www.govhs.org/Images/SRIEvals/$file/SRIAnnualReport2000.pdf

Kuplowska, O. (1987). Distance education activities at TVOntario: evaluation results. Media in Education and Development, 20(3), 88-90.

Larson, M. & Bruning, R. (1996). Participant Perceptions of a Collaborative Satellite-based Mathematics Course. American Journal of Distance Education VOLUME 10, NUMBER 1.

Lary, L. 2002. Online learning: Student and environmental factors and their relationship to secondary school student success in online courses. Dissertation Abstracts. http://www.skonline.org/roadshow/ppt/dissertation.pdf

Leu, D., Castek, J., Hartman, D., Coiro, J., & Henry, L. (2005). Evaluating the development of scientific knowledge and new forms of reading comprehension during online learning. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 27-30). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Lowery, N. (2003). A Distance Learning Effort: Evaluating a Middle School Mathematics Virtual Classroom. Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2003(1), 400-403. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/11699

Lowes, S. (2005). Online teaching and classroom change: The impact of virtual high school on its teachers and their schools. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer, (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 24-26). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Machtmes, K., & Asher, J. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of telecourses in distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 14 (1), 27–46.

MacKeracher, D. (1984). An Overview of the Educational System in Canada. Toronto: TVOntario, Office of Development Research. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 323 970).

Madore, K. 1998. Learning at a Distance: The Experiences and Attributional Style of Secondary Students in an Audiographics Teleconference Chemistry Course. Memorial University of Newfoundland: unpublished thesis.

Majdalany, G., & Guiney, S. (1999). Implementing distance learning in urban schools. ERIC/CUE Digest, No.150. New York, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 438 338)

McGreal, R. (1994). Comparison of the attitudes of learners taking audiographic teleconferencing courses in secondary schools in northern Ontario. Interpersonal Computing and Technology, 2 (4), 11–23. http://www.helsinki.fi/science/optek/1994/n4/mcgreal.txt

McLoughlin, C. and Oliver, R. (1998). Meeting the needs of gifted and talented students through technology supported distance teaching. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 14(1), 35-48. http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet14/ajet14.html

Meyen, E. L.; Lian, C. H. T., & Tangen, P. (1998). Issues associated with the design and delivery of online instruction. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13(1), 53-60.

Miller, G. T. W. (1989). Using high technology in education--The Northeastern Utah Telelearning Project. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 9 (4), 33-36.

Mills, S. (2002). School isn't a place anymore: an evaluation of virtual Greenbush online courses for high school students. University of Kansas: Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies. http://media.lsi.ku.edu/research/vgeval/vgevaluationreport.pdf

Mills, S. (2002). School isn't a place anymore: An evaluation of Virtual Greenbush Online Courses for high school students. University of Kansas, Southeast Kansas Education Service Center Virtual High School Evaluation Project. http://media.lsi.ku.edu/research/vgeval

Mock, R. (2000). Comparison of online coursework to traditional instruction. Unpublished thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing. http://mockster.net/hobbes/masters/mastersonline.htm

Moore, D. M., Burton, J. K., & Dodl, N. R. (1991). The role of facilitators in Virginia's electronic classroom project. The American Journal of Distance Education, 5(3), 29-39.

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Murphy, E., & Coffin, G. (2003). Synchronous communication in a Web-based senior high school course: Maximizing affordances and minimizing the constraints of the tool. The American Journal of Distance Education, 17(4), 235–246.

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Newman, A., Stein, M., & Trask, E. (2003, September). What can virtual learning do for your school? Boston, MA; Eduventures, Inc.

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Owens, C., Magoun, D., Knezek, G., & Christensen, R. (2004). The Effects of Distance Learning on the Attitudes of Elementary Age Children: Year 2, a Follow-up Study. Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2004(1), 2994-2994. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/14840

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Patterson, S., & Hartman, J. (2003). Alabama Online High School: Addressing Inequity by Bridging the Barriers of Time and Distance. Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2003(1), 360-361. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/11686

Paulsen, M. F. (1987, December/January). In search of a virtual school. T. H.E. Journal, pp. 71-76.

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Popovici, D., Gerval, J., Chevaillier, P., Tisseau, J., Serbanati, L., & Gueguen, P. (2004). Educative distributed virtual environments for children. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 2(4), 18–40.

Princiotta, D., Bielick, S., & Chapman, C. (2004). 1.1 million homeschooled students in the United States in 2003. (NCES 2004115). Issue Brief. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.

Rice, K. (2006). A Comprehensive Look at Distance Education in the K–12 Context. Journal of Research on Technology in Education.

Roblyer, M., & Marshall, J. (2003). Predicting success of virtual high school students: Preliminary results from an educational success prediction instrument. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35(2), 241–255.

Rose, L. C., & Gallup, G. (2001, September). The 33rd annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of the public's attitudes toward public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, pp. 41-58.

Ruokamo, Heli, Pohjolainen, Seppo. (2000). DISTANCE LEARNING IN A MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS PROJECT: MAIN RESULTS. British Journal of Educational Technology, 00071013, Apr2000, Vol. 31, Issue 2.

Russell, T. (1999). The No Significant Difference phenomenon. Montgomery, AL: International Distance Education Certification Center.

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Schmidt, K. J, Sullivan, M. I., & Hardy, D. W. (1994). Teaching migrant students algebra by audioconference. American Journal of Distance Education, 8(3), 51-63.

Schnitz, J., & Azbell, J. (2004). Instructional design factors and requirements of online courses and modules. In C. Cavanaugh (Ed.), Development and management of virtual schools (pp. 158–177). Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.

Schollie, B. (2001). Student achievement and performance levels in online education research study. Edmonton, Alberta: Alberta Online Consortium. http://www.albertaonline.ab.ca/pdfs/AOCresearch_full_report.pdf

Schulz, B. (2003). Surfing the CyberWave of Reform: Evaluating K-12 Virtual Schools. World Conference on E-Learning in Corp., Govt., Health., & Higher Ed. 2003(1), 719-722. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/13769

Setzer, J. C., & Lewis, L. (2005). Distance education courses for public elementary and secondary school students: 2002-03. (NCES 2005-010). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005010.pdf

Setzer, J., Lewis, L., & Greene, B. (2005). Distance education courses for public elementary and secondary students: 2002-03. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss/publications/2005010

Shachar, M., & Neumann, Y. (2003). Differences between traditional and distance education academic performances: A meta-analytic approach. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Education, 4(2). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/issue/view/16

Smith, R. 2000. Virtual schooling in the K--12 context. University of Calgary: unpublished dissertation. http://216.234.182.41/rosina/dissertation.doc

Smith, R. E. Effectiveness of the interactive satellite method in the teaching of first-year German: a look at selected high schools in Arkansas and Mississippi (Doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52(2), 0517A.

Smith, R., Clark, T., & Blomeyer, B. (2005). A synthesis of new research on K-12 online learning. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates. http://www.ncrel.org/tech/synthesis/

Smouse, T. (2005). Students with either specific learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Perceptions of self as learning in online courses at Florida Virtual School and in the traditional learning environment. Unpublished dissertation, University of Central Florida.
Snyder, T. D., Tan, A. G., & Hoffman, C. M. (2004). Digest of educational statistics, 2003. (NCES 2005-025). Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics. http://165.224.221.98/pubs2005/2005025a.pdf

Sorenson, C., & Sweeney, J. (1994). Iowa Distance Education Alliance. Final evaluation report. Abbreviated version. Ames, IA: Iowa State University, Research Institute for Studies in Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 389 060)

Southern Regional Education Board. (2000, August). Essential principles of quality: guidelines for web-based courses for middle and high schools. Atlanta, GA: Educational Technology Cooperative, Southern Regional Education Board. http://www.sreb.org/programs/edtech/webbased/srebpubs.asp

Southern Regional Education Board. (2003). Essential principles of high-quality online teaching: guidelines for evaluating K–12 online teachers. Atlanta, GA. http://www.sreb.org/programs/EdTech/pubs/PDF/Essential_Principles.pdf

Southern Regional Education Board. (2006). Multi-state online professional development. http://www.sreb.org/programs/EdTech/MOPD/about.asp

State Educational Technology Directors Association. (2005). National Leadership Institute's Toolkit 2004-2005. http://www.setda.org/Toolkit2004/toolkit2005_entirekit.pdf

Stevens, K. (1999). Two Canadian approaches to teaching biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics to senior high school students in virtual classes. Australasian Science Education Research Association. http://www.tellearn.mun.ca/pubs/virtual.html

Thomas, W. R. (2000). Web courses for high school students: potential and issues. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board. http://www.sreb.org/programs/edtech/webbased/srebpubs.asp

Tunison, S., Noonan, B. 2001. On-line Learning: Secondary Students' First Experience. Canadian Journal of Education v. 26 no. 4 (2001) p. 495-511. http://www.csse.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE26-4/CJE26-4-Tunison.pdf

Tushnet, N.C., & Fleming-McCormick, T. (1995). Equity issues in the Star Schools Distance Learning Program. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 13 (2), 173-83.

Tyler-Wood, T., & Cereijo, M. (2000). Secondary Gifted Students: Geographic Locations and Technology Opportunities. World Conference on the WWW and Internet 2000(1), 1007-1008. [Online]. Available: http://dl.aace.org/6240

U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2001). Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994 – 2000. (NCES 2001-071). Washington, DC.

U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2005). Condition of education 2005. (NCES 2005-094). Washington, DC.

U. S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology. (2005). National educational technology plan. Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2000). What are the barriers to the use of advanced telecommunications for students with disabilities in public schools? (NCES 2000-042). Washington, DC.

Ungerleider, C., & Burns, T. (2003). A systematic review of the effectiveness and efficiency of networked ICT in education: A state of the field report. Council of Ministers Canada and Industry Canada. Ottawa: Industry Canada.

University Continuing Education Association. (2002). 1999-00 Independent study program profiles. Final report, February 2002. http://www.ucea.edu/pages/surveyreport.pdf

Virtual High School, Inc. (2004). Virtual High School program evaluation 2003-2004. Maynard, MA.

Watson, J. (2005). Keeping pace with K-12 online learning: A review of state-level policy and practice. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates. http://www2.learningpt.org/catalog/item.asp?SessionID=826984628&productID=143

Watson, J. (2005). Keeping pace with online learning 2005. A review of state-level policy and practice. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.
Watson, J., Winograd, K., & Kalmon, S. (2004). Keeping pace with K-12 online learning: A snapshot of state-level policy and practice. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Web Based Education Commission. (2000). Report of the Web Based Education Commission to the President and the Congress of the United States. Washington, DC.

Weems, Gail H. (2002). Comparison of beginning algebra taught onsite versus online. Journal of Developmental Education, 26(1), 10-18.

Weiner, C. (2003). Key ingredients to online learning: Adolescent students study in cyberspace. International Journal on E-Learning, July–September, 44–50.

White, R. E. (2004). Telepresence goes to school: An evaluation of the PEBBLES ™ videoconferencing system for ill children (Masters Thesis, Carleton University, 2003). Masters Abstracts International, 42(5), 1895.

Wick, W. 1997. An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Distance Learning at Remote Sites Versus On-site Locations in High School Foreign Language Programs. University of Minnesota: Unpublished dissertation.

Yasin, K. & Luberisse, Y. (1997). Meeting the needs of a new democracy: Multichannel learning and interactive radio instruction in Haiti: a case study. Washington, DC: USAID. http://ies.edc.org/pubs/book11.htm

Zucker, A. (2005). A study of student interaction and collaboration in the virtual high school. In R. Smith, T. Clark, & B. Blomeyer (Eds.), A synthesis of new research in K–12 online learning (pp. 43-45). Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Zucker, A., & Kozma, R. (2003). The virtual high school: Teaching generation V. New York: Teachers College Press.

Books | Studies & Articles | Dissertations

Dissertations:

2006

Tankersley, W. J. (2006). Distance Education in Georgia’s Public School Districts: Baseline Data on Utilization and the Perceived Barriers to Implementation and Expansion. Georgia Southern University. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2005/william_j_tankersley/tankersley_william_j_200605_edd.pdf

 

2005

Davidson, J. (2005). The necessary components of a staff development program to prepare teachers to teach secondary online classes: a delphi study. Virginia Tech: Unpublished dissertation. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04222005-075111/

Ma, H. (2005). Interpreting Middle School Students’ Online Experiences: A Phenomenological Approach. Ohio University: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ohiou1113584819

Murphy, K. (2005). Factors Associated With Successful High School Distance Education Programs. East Tennessee State University: Unpublished dissertation. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0404105-185237/

Smouse, T. (2005). Students with either specific learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Perceptions of self as learning in online courses at Florida Virtual School and in the traditional learning environment. University of Central Florida: Unpublished dissertation.

2004

Buffington, M. (2004). Using the Internet to develop students' critical thinking skills and build online communities of teachers: A review of research. Ohio State University: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=osu1092187119

Lunt, P. (2004). Adolescents' Willingness to Utilize Online Counseling. Virginia Tech: Unpublished dissertation. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04052004-135825/

Slykhuis, D. (2004). The efficacy of world wide web-mediated microcomputer-based laboratory activities in the high school physics classroom. North Carolina State University: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03242004-153352/unrestricted/etd.pdf

Vroonland, D. (2004). An analysis of the effect of distance learning site on student self-efficacy of junior high school Spanish students. University of North Texas: Unpublished dissertation.

2003

Keeler, C. (2003). Developing and using an instrument to describe instructional design elements of high school online courses. University of Oregon: Unpublished dissertation. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113010

2002

Dunlap, D. (2002). A Study of the LiNC Project: Collaboration, Teaching, Research, and the Social Construction of Technology. Virginia Tech: Unpublished dissertation. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04102002-120926/

Garza, M. (2002). An inquiry into learner support for early childhood migrant students project SMART's home-based summer distance learning. University of Texas Austin: Unpublished dissertation.

Jayaraman, U. (2002). SCIENCE TEACHERS' PERCEPTION OF VIRTUAL HIGH SCHOOL INSTRUCTION. Ohio University: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1037982055

Jordan, A. (2002). An Investigation into the Effects of Online Teaching and Learning on Achievement Outcomes at the Secondary Level. Fayetteville State University: Unpublished dissertation.

Lary, L. (2002). Online learning: Student and environmental factors and their relationship to secondary school student success in online courses. University of Oregon: Unpublished dissertation. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055697

2000

Mock, R. (2000). Comparison of Online Coursework to Traditional Instruction. Michigan State University: unpublished thesis.
http://hobbes.lite.msu.edu/~robmock/masters/abstract.htm

Smith, R. (2000). Virtual schooling in the K--12 context. University of Calgary: unpublished dissertation. http://216.234.182.41/rosina/dissertation.doc ; http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ64841.pdf

1999

Burton, C. (1999). Off the page, on the page, and into the cyberspace screen, bringing together liminal states and the pedagogy of bricolage. University of Alberta: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40134.pdf

1998

Madore, K. (1998). Learning at a Distance: The Experiences and Attributional Style of Secondary Students in an Audiographics Teleconference Chemistry Course. Memorial University of Newfoundland: unpublished thesis.

Cavanaugh, C. (1998). The effectiveness of interactive distance education technologies in k-12 learning: a meta-analysis. University of South Florida: Unpublished dissertation.

1997

Snyder, L. (1997). EdNet, a virtual school program. University of Alberta: Unpublished dissertation. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22731.pdf

Schorger, J. (1997). A Qualitative Study of the Development and First Year of Implementation of the Blacksburg Electronic Village. Virginia Tech: Unpublished dissertation. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-61597-194136/

Wick, W. (1997). An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Distance Learning at Remote Sites Versus On-site Locations in High School Foreign Language Programs. University of Minnesota: Unpublished dissertation.

1994

Dees, S. (1994). An investigation of distance education versus traditional course delivery using comparisons of student achievement scores in advanced placement chemistry and perceptions of teachers and students about their delivery system (satellite course). Northern Illinois University: Unpublished dissertation.

Hinnant, E. (1994). Distance learning using digital fiber optics: a study of student achievement and student perception of delivery system quality. Mississippi State University: unpublished dissertation.

Books | Studies & Articles | Dissertations

Web site for Teacher Education Goes into Virtual Schooling. http://www.ctlt.iastate.edu/scholarship/Research%20Projects/Projects/tegivs/homepage.html 

Web site of case studies of good practice to inform Iowa Learning Online. http://projects.educ.iastate.edu:16080/%7Evhs/index.htm 

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